Post-polypectomy syndrome-a rare complication in colonoscopy procedures: a case report.

Post-polypectomy syndrome (PPS) is a complication that may arise after some colonoscopy procedures that require electrocoagulation, due to a transmural burn, which irritates the serous membrane. Its clinical presentation is similar to the one of intestinal perforation, but it has a favorable prognosis, and does not require surgical treatment. We report the case of a 55-year-old woman diagnosed with a polyp in the ascending colon, who was admitted for an endoscopic resection. After the procedure, she complained of nausea, emesis and abdominal pain in the right iliac fossa. She was transferred to the emergency department. An abdominal tomography showed cecal wall thickening without pneumoperitoneum. Therefore, the diagnosis of PPS was made and was managed with bowel rest, parenteral fluids and antibiotics, with full recovery. Despite of its low incidence, it is important to suspect this syndrome to avoid unnecessary surgical treatment and initiate medical management right away.

Absceso hepático por Enterobius vermicularis como diagnóstico diferencial de metástasis hepática en cáncer colorrectal, reporte de caso / Liver Abscess Caused by Enterobius vermicularis as a Differential Diagnosis for Liver Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer, Case Report

Resumen Introducción: el cáncer colorrectal es la cuarta causa de mortalidad asociada con cáncer en el mundo. La identificación de las metástasis de este tumor en el momento prequirúrgico es cada vez más frecuente por los estudios imagenológicos con los que se cuenta en la actualidad. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con infección por Enterobius vermicularis que simula la presencia de metástasis hepáticas. Presentación del caso: se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina proveniente del área rural, con dolor abdominal de 1 año de evolución asociado con hemorragia de vías digestivas bajas y pérdida de peso. Las imágenes y estudios endoscópicos muestran una lesión tumoral en el colon sigmoide con biopsias que reportan adenocarcinoma de colon sigmoides, además de lesiones hepáticas sugestivas de malignidad. Se llevó a resección anterior de recto y sigmoides con anastomosis alta y toma de biopsias hepáticas, que descartaron la malignidad e informaron la presencia de infección hepática por E. vermicularis. Discusión: La infección por E. vermicularis a nivel hepático presentada en el caso es poco frecuente, dicha infección puede simular la presencia de metástasis hepáticas, por lo cual debe tenerse en cuenta como diagnóstico diferencial de enfermedad metastásica de cáncer colorrectal.

Abstract Introduction: colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The identification of the metastases of this tumor in the preoperative stage is increasingly frequent due to the imaging studies currently available. We present the case of a patient with an infection caused by Enterobius vermicularis that simulates the presence of liver metastases. Case presentation: a female patient from a rural area showing a one-year abdominal pain evolution associated with lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding and weight loss. Endoscopic imaging and studies displayed a tumor lesion in the sigmoid colon, with biopsies reporting sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma and liver lesions suggesting malignancy. Anterior resection of the rectum and sigmoid was performed with high anastomosis and liver biopsies, which ruled out malignancy and reported the presence of liver infection by E. vermicularis. Discussion: in this case, the hepatic E. vermicularis infection was rare. This infection can simulate the presence of liver metastases; therefore, it should be considered a differential diagnosis of metastatic colorectal cancer.

Anal canal lymphoma: Case report and literature review / Linfoma de canal anal, reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura

Abstract Introduction: Primary tumors of the anal canal other than carcinomas are rare entities; among them, anal canal lymphomas are extremely unusual and pose both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the coloproctologist. Case presentation: A male patient with positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with proctalgia and mass sensation at the perianal level. A concentric thickening of the walls of the lower rectum was documented by magnetic resonance imaging, with colonoscopy and biopsies with histopathology compatible with plasmablastic lymphoma. Therefore, a diverting colostomy was performed and, subsequently, the hematology service indicated chemotherapy with the EPOCH scheme. Discussion: Lymphoma of the anus represents 0.2 % of anorectal tumors, most of these are non-Hodgkin's lymphomas; Hodgkin's disease at the anorectal level is even rarer. The population with the highest risk of this entity is HIV-positive patients, such as the patient in this case, although other associated factors are described in the literature.

Resumen Introducción: los tumores primarios del canal anal diferentes a carcinomas son entidades poco frecuentes; dentro de estos, los linfomas del canal anal son extremadamente raros y generan un reto tanto diagnóstico como terapéutico para el coloproctólogo. Presentación de caso: se presenta a continuación un caso clínico de un paciente con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) positivo con proctalgia y sensación de masa a nivel perianal, se documentó por resonancia magnética un engrosamiento concéntrico de las paredes del recto inferior, con realización de colonoscopia y biopsias con histopatología compatible con linfoma plasmablástico, por lo que se realizó una colostomía derivativa y, posteriormente, se indicó por el servicio de hematología una quimioterapia con esquema EPOCH. Discusión: el linfoma de ano representa el 0,2 % de los tumores anorrectales, la mayoría de estos corresponde a linfomas no Hodgkin, y es aún más rara la enfermedad de Hodgkin a nivel anorrectal. La población con mayor riesgo de presentar esta entidad es los pacientes con VIH positivo, como el paciente descrito en el caso, aunque existen otros factores asociados descritos en la literatura.

Synthetic mesh repair of an anterior perineal hernia following robotic radical urethrocystectomy

ABSTRACT Introduction: Perineal hernia is a protrusion of intra-abdominal viscera through a defect in the pelvic floor and is a rare but challenging complication after extensive abdominoperineal surgery. There have been small series published after colorectal exenteration, but no cases have been reported after radical cystectomy and urethrectomy. Case Presentation: A 68 years old woman developed an anterior perineal hernia, with no vaginal prolapse, after an anterior exenteration for bladder cancer. A perineal approach with the use of a synthetic polypropylene mesh was chosen to resolve the condition. After 6 months of follow-up, the patient has no symptoms or recurrence of the anterior perineal hernia. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this case is the first report of perineal hernia after radical urethrocystectomy. Although being a case report, this article describes a potential and challenging complication after extensive anterior pelvic surgery, that could increase its incidence in the future. Literature review shows that whether perineal, abdominal or combined approach is chosen, surgery must respect hernia repair principles.

Synthetic mesh repair of an anterior perineal hernia following robotic radical urethrocystectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Perineal hernia is a protrusion of intra-abdominal viscera through a defect in the pelvic floor and is a rare but challenging complication after extensive abdominoperineal surgery. There have been small series published after colorectal exenteration, but no cases have been reported after radical cystectomy and urethrectomy. CASE PRESENTATION: A 68 years old woman developed an anterior perineal hernia, with no vaginal prolapse, after an anterior exenteration for bladder cancer. A perineal approach with the use of a synthetic polypropylene mesh was chosen to resolve the condition. After 6 months of follow-up, the patient has no symptoms or recurrence of the anterior perineal hernia. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this case is the first report of perineal hernia after radical urethrocystectomy. Although being a case report, this article describes a potential and challenging complication after extensive anterior pelvic surgery, that could increase its incidence in the future. Literature review shows that whether perineal, abdominal or combined approach is chosen, surgery must respect hernia repair principles.

Mallas para prolapso: ¿Las malas de la película? / Mesh for pelvic prolapse: the bad guy?

Al aumentar el entendimiento sobre los determinantes de éxito para las pacientes, descubrimos que el aporte de las mallas no era tan importante como se pensaba en un inicio y agrega riesgos y posibles complicaciones. La FDA dio su primera advertencia en el 2008 y posteriormente en 2011 y 2013, pues luego de una revisión de los registros declaró que las complicaciones por el uso de las mallas no eran infrecuentes. La tendencia actual es crear registros multinstitucionales, para tener información anatómica subjetiva y de resultados de calidad de vida, así como registrar las complicaciones y sus tratamientos. Las mallas reabsorbibles se asocian a una menor tasa de percepción de prolapso por la paciente y menor reoperación por recurrencia. Las mallas tiene un rol limitado en la cirugía primaria del prolapso y si bien es posible que en cierto grupo de mujeres los beneficios superen los riesgos, aun no hay clara evidencia de cuál es dicho grupo.

With more understanding on determinants of successful outcomes in patients, we also find that mesh contribution is not so important as initially thought as it may increase risks and complications. After reviewing records, the FDA warned first in 2008 and then in 2011 and 2013 that complications with use of mesh were not infrequent. Current tendency is to create multinstitutional registries to obtain both anatomical subjective information and results in quality of life, as well as to register complications and their treatments. Absorbable mesh is associated with fewer perception of the prolapse symptoms and fewer operations due to recurrence. Meshes have limited role in primary surgery for pelvic prolapse. It is possible that benefits exceed risks in a group of women, but there is no clear evidence which is that group.

Fragilidad quirúrgica: un factor predictor de morbilidad y mortalidad posoperatoria en adultos mayores sometidos a cirugía abdominal de urgencia / Surgical frailty: a postoperative morbidity and mortality predictive factor in the elderly undergoing emergency surgery

Introducción y objetivos. El concepto de fragilidad adquiere cada vez mayor relevancia en cirugía. La relación entre fragilidad, muerte y complicaciones en cirugía abdominal de urgencia, no ha sido totalmente estudiada. Tampoco existe información en la población colombiana. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer la relación entre la fragilidad quirúrgica en una cohorte de adultos mayores sometidos a cirugía abdominal de urgencia, y la tasa de mortalidad, morbilidad y readmisión en los primeros 30 días del periodo posoperatorio. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizó la escala de fragilidad clínica del Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA Clinical Frailty Scale) en pacientes mayores de 65 años con enfermedad quirúrgica abdominal de urgencia. Se determinó la tasa de fragilidad quirúrgica al ingreso, y se comparó su asociación independiente con los factores sociodemográficos, clínicos y quirúrgicos, frente a los resultados propuestos. Se hizo un análisis multivariado y un análisis de supervivencia para corroborar la asociación. Resultados. Se incluyeron 300 pacientes. El 15 % presentó algún grado de fragilidad (CSHA Clinical Frailty Scale mayor de 5). La tasa global de mortalidad fue de 14 % (42 pacientes), la morbilidad fue de 27,6 % (83 pacientes) y la readmisión de 15,67 % (47 pacientes). El principal factor independiente asociado con mortalidad, fue la presencia de fragilidad (CSHA Clinical Frailty Scale mayor de 5) (OR=4,49; p<0,001; IC95% 1,79-11,24). La fragilidad también fue un factor asociado con morbilidad (OR=2,78; p<0,014; IC95% 1,23-6,28), junto con una estancia hospitalaria de más de12 días (OR=6,83; p<0,001; IC95% 3,49-13,36). Los principales factores de readmisión fueron la desnutrición (OR=1,97; p<0,04; IC95% 1-3,86) y el antecedente de cirugía mayor (OR=2,27; p<0,04; IC95% 1-4,99). Conclusión. La fragilidad quirúrgica es un factor asociado a la morbilidad y mortalidad posoperatorias en cirugía abdominal de urgencia en el adulto mayor. Esta asociación no se demuestra con la tasa de readmisión. Se requieren intervenciones adicionales para controlar este factor en el periodo perioperatorio, las cuales deben ser evaluadas en nuevos estudios.

Introduction/aim: The association between frailty and worse outcomes in emergency abdominal surgery has not been totally evaluated. There is no available information in Colombia. The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between frailty with mortality, morbidity and readmission rates within the first 30 postoperative days, in a prospective cohort of elderly patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery. Methods: The Canadian Study of Health and Aging Clinical Frailty Scale (CSHA) was applied to elderly patients (>65 years) on admission to the emergency room to, in order to determine the association between CHSA clinical frailty scale, demographic, clinical and surgical factors with the probability of complications, death and readmission, applying the Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the independent association of previous significant factors with major outcomes. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier analysis with a log-rank test. Results: A total of 300 consecutive patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included. The global mortality rate was 14% (42 patients), the morbidity rate was 27.6% (83 patients) and the readmission rate was 15.67% (47 patients). Fifteen percent presented frailty degree (CSHA Clinical Frailty Scale>5). The main independent factor associated with mortality was a CSHA Frailty Scale >5 (OR:4,49 p<0,001). The main independent factors associated with morbidity were the CSHA Frailty Scale >5 (OR:2,78 p<0,014) and LoS >12 days (OR:6,83 p<0,001). The independent factors associated with readmission were malnutrition (OR:1.97 p<0,04) and previous major surgery (OR:2.27 p<0,04). Conclusion: In the elderly population undergoing emergency abdominal surgery surgical frailty is associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality rates. Frailty did not appear associated with the factors that determined readmission within the first 30 days. Additional interventions are needed to control the frailty factor in the perioperative period, which must be evaluated in new studies.